Introduction

The Gazetteer is organised by Counties and unitary authorities, preceded by summaries of groups of sites: frontiers or industrial areas.

Birmingham CambridgeshireCheshireCoventryDerbyDerbyshireHereford LeicesterLeicestershireLincolnshireNorthamptonshireNottinghamshireOxfordshirePeterboroughRutlandShropshireSolihullStaffordshireTelford and WrekinWarwickshireWorcestershire

English names, Roman names where known, four figure map reference, site type, size, and history, including garrisons and associated military units.

Where there is uncertainty over identification of an element a ? is used after the element: a ? before a Roman name means that the form of the name is uncertain, but that it is linked to that site.

Provides access to the references given for sites. These are not comprehensive, but provide the detail required to judge the existence of a site and provide links to complete bibliographies.

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Glossary
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FRONTIERS The 'Fosse Frontier'
A suggestion, now largely rejected, that the Roman road, The Fosse, from Exeter (more acurately Seaton) to Lincoln once formed the boundary of the province in the earliest years of the conquest, that is around 47 AD.

Although there would have been limits to Roman control in this period these would have not been static frontier zones, but instead would have been based on diplomacy and military patrolling.

The Fosse is a post-Roman name for the road.


BIRMINGHAM
Metchley
SP0483
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Pre-Flavian fort of 4.4 ha with 1.8 ha annex that was converted in the late - 1st century to a fort of 2.5 ha.

CAMBRIDGESHIRE
Cambridge
TL4459
Fort? or fortlet?
Godmanchester
TL2470
Pre-Flavian fort
Water Newton
Durobrivae
TL1290
Pre-Flavian fort


CHESHIRE
Chester
Deva
SJ4066
Pre-Flavian auxiliary fort?

Flavian fortress, 23 ha, occupied into the 4th century. Garrisoned by Legio II Adiutrix pia fidelis (mid 70s AD - late 80s AD), then by Legio XX Valeria Victrix (late 80s AD - 4th century)

Christleton
SJ4567
Temporary camp
SJ4667
Temporary camp
SJ4466
Temporary camp
Guilden Sutton
SJ4568
Temporary camp, see also Hoole
SJ4367
Temporary camp, see also Hoole
SJ4467
Temporary camp, see also Hoole
Hoole
SJ4267
Temporay camp, close to the Guilden Sutton group
Ince
SJ4477
Fortlet, 0.4 ha
Picton
SJ4270
Temporary camp close to the Upton group
Manley
SJ5072
Temporary camp (?)
Middlewich
SJ7065
Fort 1.2 ha
SJ6670
Military site?
Northwich
Condate
SJ6573
Flavian fort that was succeeded by another fort during the 2nd century. This fort was later reduced in size.
Stamford Heath
see Christleton
Upton
SJ4170
6 temporary camps, see also Picton
Waverton
SJ4664
Temporary camp
Wilderspool
SJ6168
Industrial site serving the army?

COVENTRY
Baginton
SP3475
Pre-Flavian small fortress? or fort that was succeeded by another pre-Flavian fort (1.2 ha). This was occupied until the late 1st century. The final fort may have served as equestrian training centre.
Lunt
see Baginton

DERBY
Derby - Strutts Park
Derventio
SK3537
Pre-Flavian fort at Strutts Park abandoned in the mid-70s AD and succeeded by the fort below, on the other side of the river.
Derby - Little Chester
Derventio
SK3537

Two forts of c 2.8 ha at Little Chester. The sequence at Little Chester is unclear, the site of a timber fort established in mid-70s AD, was re-occupied mid/late 2nd century.

Littlechester
see Derby - Little Chester

DERBYSHIRE
Brough-on-Noe
Navio
SK1882
Flavian fort of 1.2 ha. Rebuilt with a stone wall c158 AD and reduced to under 1 ha. Occupied until mid? 4th century. In the late 2nd century garrisoned by Cohors I Aquitanorum equitata.
Castle Hill Camp see Pentrich
Chesterfield
SK3871
Fort. The site of around 2.8 ha was occupied from c80-c130AD.
Highstones
SK 0499
Fortlet?
Melandra Castle
?Ardotalia
SK0095
1.2 ha Flavian fort occupied until late in the 2nd century. During the 2nd century the garrison may have included Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum and Cohors I Frisiavonum.
Pentrich
SK3854
Temporary camp
Sawley
SK 4731
Fortlet?


HEREFORD
Blackbush Farm
SO3832
Fort on the road running south-west from Kenchester
Brampton Bryan
SO3772
26.0 ha marching camp, part of a complex of sites around Leintwardine
Brandon Camp
see Brandon Hill
Brandon Hill
SO4072
Fort, built inside a hillfort,
part of a complex of sites around Leintwardine
Buckton
SO3973
Flavian turf and timber fort of 2.4 ha, followed by a fort built in stone. The excavator suggested the garrison was an Ala quinginaria.

The site was abandoned mid 2nd century. Forms part of a complex of sites around Leintwardine.

SO3873
Temporary camp, 1.5 ha, a labour camp for the fort?
Castle Field Farm
see Kentchurch
Canon Frome
see Stretton Grandison
Clifford
SO2446
Large fort succeeded? by a 6.6 ha pre-Flavian fort. Both built on the floodplain and may therefore precede the fort at the better site of Clyro, Powys.
Coppice House
see Tedstone Wafer
Cradley
SO7147
Marching camp?
Ivington
SO4756
Marching camp?
Jay Lane
SO3974
2.0 ha fort late of Claudian–Neronian date. May have been replaced by the Flavian fort at Buckton. Part of a complex of sites around Leintwardine.

Britannia X, 1979, pp21, 23, 43-5

Kentchurch
SO4223
Two forts, pottery recovered from both suggests pre-Flavian dates for both
Leintwardine
?Branogenium
SO3974
Antonine period fort or stores base of 4.6 ha, occupied until the 4th century. Part of a complex of sites that includes Brampton Bryan, Brandon Hill, Buckton, Jay Lane and Walford
Stretton Grandison
SO6443
2.1 ha pre-Flavian? fort
Tedstone Wafer
SO6760
0.5 ha fortlet?
Walford
SO3972
9.7 ha marching camp. Part of a complex of sites around Leintwardine.

LEICESTER
Leicester
Ratae Corieltauvorum
SK5804
Fort? Finds of legionary equipment? together with a short stretch of military ditch found to the west of the Jewry Wall.

LEICESTERSHIRE
Wigston Parva
Venonis
SP4689
0.7 ha Claudian fort, pre-dates the Fosse Way that crosses the site

LINCOLNSHIRE
Ancaster
SK9843
Pre-Flavian fort?
SK9744
11.3 ha marching camp

Caistor
TA1101
Military site?
Horncastle
Banovalium?
TF2569
Fort?
Lincoln
Lindum
SK9771
A possible Pre-Flavian small fortress 1.5 km to the south of the later fortress

16.6 ha legionary fortress built by Legio IX Hispana in the early 60s AD,. They were succeeded by the Legio II Adiutrix pia fidelis in the early 70s AD. The fortress was abandoned at the end of the 1st century.

Marton
SK8382
0.8 ha pre-Flavian fort

Newton on Trent
SK8273
Pre-Flavian fortress 10.7 ha, garrison likely to have been Legio IX Hispana.

Britannia XXIV, 1993, pp187-9

Two marching camps

Welfare, H., and Swan, V., Roman Camps in England: the field archaeology, London, 1995

Owmby
SK 9686
Military site?
Old Skegness
TF5763
Saxon shore fort? The site, if it was a fort, was eroded by the sea in the 15th or 16th centuries
Skegness
see Old Skegness

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
Irchester
SP9166
Fort?

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
Bawtry
SK6592
Military site?
Broxtowe
SK5242
Pre-Flavian? fortress of 12.0 ha, possibly garrisoned by Legio IX Hispana.

Fort? of c4.8 ha

Calverton
SK6150
Two marching camps, 8.5 ha and 1.6 ha.
East Stoke
Ad Pontem
SK7650
Fortlet? or medieval village?
Farnsfield
SK6355
3.9 ha marching camp
Gleadthorpe Plantation
SK5970
3.3 ha marching camp
Holme
SK8159
9.3 ha marching camp
Littleborough
Segelocum
SK8282
First century military site?
Osmanthorpe
SK6856
Pre-Flavian? small fortress of 8.0 ha. The garrison may have included Legio IX Hispana.
Scaftworth
See Bawtry
Thorpe
see East Stoke
Warsop
See Gleadthorpe Plantation

OXFORDSHIRE
Alchester
SP5720
Temporary camp, fort and fortress. The suggested sequence is: camp, large fort (3.8 - 8.6 ha) finally fortress. All no later than 60s AD and more likely Claudian. A gravestone of a soldier of II Augusta has been discovered on the site.
Asthall
SP2810
Marching camp, 0.8 ha
Dorchester on Thames
SU5794
Pre-Flavian fort?
Wendlebury
See Alchester

PETERBOROUGH
Longthorpe
TL1597
Pre-Flavian fortress, garrisoned by Legio IX Hispana and auxiliaries? Whilst in use the fortress was reduced from 10.9 ha to 4.4 ha, possibly following the losses the Legion received at the hands of Boudica.

RUTLAND
Great Casterton
TF0009
2.4 ha fort of Claudian age that was reduced to 2.1 ha during the early Flavian period? and abandoned c 80 AD.

SHROPSHIRE
Atcham
SJ5509
Marching camp
Attingham
SJ5509
8.9 ha marching camp
Bromfield
SO4877
8.5 ha marching camp. The camp may have been an aestiva, occupied for a campaign season.
Brompton
SO2493
Flavian fort of 1.8 ha. Occupied until the 1st quarter of the 2nd century. Possibly reoccuppied in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries.

Two or three? marching camps (15.5 ha, 5.2 ha and size unknown).

Burlington
SJ7710
Two marching camps, 15.5 ha and 2.5 ha.
Cound Hall
SJ5605
Marching camp
Craven Arms
SO4383
Marching camp
Duncote Farm
SJ5711
Military site?
Eaton Constantine
See Leighton
Ismore Coppice
See Atcham
Leighton
SJ5905
8.1 ha pre-Flavian fortress similar period to Rhyn Park with 1-3 temporary camps or a fort with annexes?
Norton
SJ5609
13 ha marching camp
SJ5709
Marching camp
Pentrehyling
See Brompton
Quatt
SO7388
Marching camp, 1.3 ha
Rhyn Park
SJ3037
17.2 ha pre-Flavian fortress, winter quarters (hiberna)? And a 5.8 ha fort/camp.
Stretford Bridge
SO4284
1.5 ha pre-Flavian fort

Marching camp, 13 ha (see also Craven Arms)

Uckington
see Norton
Uffington
SJ5212
Marching camp of c18 ha with annex
Upper Affcot
SO4486
Marching camp, 6 ha?
Wall Town
SO6978
Neronian? fort, suceeded by a Flavian fort and finally by a 2nd century fort of 1.8 ha with stone defences.
Whitchurch
Mediolanum
SJ5441
Two forts? on the site, Neronian? and Flavian? The site abandoned c 80 AD.
Whittington
SJ3530
15.3 ha marching camp
Wroxeter
Viroconium Cornoviorum
SJ5607
2.2 ha Claudian fort, just south of the legionary fortress. Garrisoned by Cohors I Thracum equitata?

Legionary fortress, 20 ha, garrisoned by Legio XIV Gemina Martia Victrix, c 55 - 67 AD and again in AD 69 when it briefly returned to Britain.

From c 75 AD to mid 80s the garrison was Legio XX Valeria Victrix and possibly retained as a depot whilst Legio XX was on campaign in Scotland (including building the fortres at Inchtuthil), and before it finally moved to its new base at Chester in 83-84 AD.


SOLIHULL
Meriden
SP2282
Fort or temporary camp?

STAFFORDSHIRE
Chesterton
SJ8348
Flavian fort c 2.0 ha
Eaton House
Pennocrucium
SJ9010
Flavian? fort of 2.1 ha. Early 4th century road fort?

Part of a complex of sites on the river Penk that includes Water Eaton and Stretton Mill.

Greensforge
SO8688
A Claudian fort of 1.6 ha, succeeded by another fort, Claudian?, of 2.2 ha outside the perimeter of the first.
SO8588 Two marching camps, 3.3 ha and 13.2 ha
SO8688 Two marching camps, one of unknown size the other 0.4 ha
SO8689 Marching camp of unknown size

See also Swindon

Kinvaston
See Water Eaton and Stretton Mill
Rocester
SK1139
Three forts on the site occupied from the Flavian to the late 2nd century.

Britannia XIX, 1988, p448

Stretton Bridge
see Stretton Mill
Stretton Mill
SJ8911
Pre-Flavian fort 1.8 ha, evidence for an earlier larger fort.

North Staffordshire Journal of Field Studies IV, 1964, p37

SJ8911 Two marching camps, sizes unknown
SJ9011 Marching camp size unknown

Part of a complex of sites on the river Penk see also Eaton House and Water Eaton

Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, 1977, p128

Swindon
SO8590
15 ha marching camp

Close to Greensforge

Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, 1973, p233

Trent Vale
SJ8643
Pre-Flavian fort?

Britannia II, 1970, pp259-60

Wall
Lectocetum
SK0906
Three forts of possibly Claudian or more likely Neronian date.

Two marching camps, 2.5 ha and size unknown

Gould, J., Letocetum: an early vexillation fortress? Britannia XXVIII, 1997, pp350-353

SK0906 Early 4th century road fort or defended civilian settlement?

Gould, J, The Watling Street 'Burgi', Britannia XXX (1999) pp 185-198

Water Eaton
Pennocrucium
SJ9011
Neronian? fortress of 7.8 ha, extended to 10.4 ha. Garrisoned by Legio XIV Gemina?

Journal of Roman Studies XLVIII, 1958, p94

SJ9011 Marching camps, 1.5 ha and 3.3 ha on Watling Street

Part of a complex of sites on the river Penk see also Stretton Mill and Eaton House

Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, 1977, p128

SJ9010 Early 4th century road fort or defended civilian settlement?

Gould, J, Britannia XXX, 1999, pp185-197


TELFORD AND WREKIN
Duncot
SJ5711
Pre-Flavian fort?

Britannia VI, 1975, p247

Redhill
Uxacona
SJ7211
A mid 1st century fort or stores base that was succeeded by a Flavian fortlet of 0.7 ha.

Britannia V, 197a4, pp427-8

SJ7210 Early 4th century road fort or defended civilian settlement?

Gould, J, The Watling Street 'Burgi', Britannia XXX (1999) pp 185-198


WARWICKSHIRE
Alcester
SP0857
A fort south of the town at Lower Oversley Lodge is presumed to be Claudian, whilst finds in the town centre suggest a fort there of Neronian age.

Mahany, C. (ed) Roman Alcester Series (Vol 1), CBA Research Report 96, 1994

Budbrook
see Grove park
Cave's Inn
Tripontium
SP5379
Early 4th century road fort or defended civilian settlement?

Frere, S. S., et al Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1986

Gould, J, The Watling Street 'Burgi', Britannia XXX (1999) pp 185-198

Grove Park
SP2364
Fort?

Jones B and Mattingly D, An Atlas of Roman Britain, Oxford (1990) pp88-9

Lower Oversley Lodge
see Alcester
Mancetter
Manduessedum
SP3196
Mid 1st century, 9.0 ha fortress. Garrisoned by Legio XIV Gemina? Reduced before the Flavian period to a fort. Possibly more than one occupation period to the fort site.

Britannia XV, 1984, pp295-7

SP3296 Early 4th century road fort or defended civilian settlement?

Gould, J, The Watling Street 'Burgi', Britannia XXX (1999) pp 185-198


WORCESTERSHIRE
Droitwich
Salinae
SO9063
5.0 ha Pre-Flavian? fort possibly occupied into the late 1st century

Britannia IX, 1978, p439

Great Comberton
SO9543
Marching camp?

Britannia XXIII, 1992,

Inkberrow
See Shurnock
Shurnock
SP0260
Marching camp

Welfare, H., and Swan, V., Roman Camps in England: the field archaeology, London, 1995