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| Introduction |
The Gazetteer is organised by Counties and unitary authorities, preceded by summaries of groups of sites: frontiers or industrial areas. • Birmingham • Cambridgeshire • Cheshire • Coventry • Derby • Derbyshire • Hereford • Leicester • Leicestershire • Lincolnshire • Northamptonshire • Nottinghamshire • Oxfordshire • Peterborough • Rutland • Shropshire • Solihull • Staffordshire • Telford and Wrekin • Warwickshire • Worcestershire • English names, Roman names where known, four figure map reference, site type, size, and history, including garrisons and associated military units. Where there is uncertainty over identification of an element a ? is used after the element: a ? before a Roman name means that the form of the name is uncertain, but that it is linked to that site.
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| Glossary | |||
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| FRONTIERS | The 'Fosse Frontier' |
A suggestion, now largely rejected, that the Roman road, The Fosse, from Exeter (more acurately Seaton) to Lincoln once formed the boundary of the province in the earliest years of the conquest, that is around 47 AD.
Although there would have been limits to Roman control in this period these would have not been static frontier zones, but instead would have been based on diplomacy and military patrolling. The Fosse is a post-Roman name for the road. |
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| BIRMINGHAM |
Metchley SP0483 "> |
Pre-Flavian fort of 4.4 ha with 1.8 ha annex that was converted in the late - 1st century to a fort of 2.5 ha. | |
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| CAMBRIDGESHIRE |
Cambridge TL4459 |
Fort? or fortlet? | |
| Godmanchester TL2470 |
Pre-Flavian fort | ||
| Water Newton Durobrivae TL1290 |
Pre-Flavian fort | ||
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| CHESHIRE |
Chester Deva SJ4066 |
Pre-Flavian auxiliary fort?
Flavian fortress, 23 ha, occupied into the 4th century. Garrisoned by Legio II Adiutrix pia fidelis (mid 70s AD - late 80s AD), then by Legio XX Valeria Victrix (late 80s AD - 4th century) |
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| Christleton SJ4567 |
Temporary camp | ||
| SJ4667 |
Temporary camp | ||
| SJ4466 |
Temporary camp | ||
| Guilden Sutton SJ4568 |
Temporary camp, see also Hoole | ||
| SJ4367 |
Temporary camp, see also Hoole | ||
| SJ4467 |
Temporary camp, see also Hoole | ||
| Hoole SJ4267 |
Temporay camp, close to the Guilden Sutton group | ||
| Ince SJ4477 |
Fortlet, 0.4 ha | ||
| Picton SJ4270 |
Temporary camp close to the Upton group | ||
| Manley SJ5072 |
Temporary camp (?) | ||
| Middlewich SJ7065 |
Fort 1.2 ha | ||
| SJ6670 |
Military site? | ||
| Northwich Condate SJ6573 |
Flavian fort that was succeeded by another fort during the 2nd century. This fort was later reduced in size. | ||
| Stamford Heath see Christleton |
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| Upton SJ4170 |
6 temporary camps, see also Picton | ||
| Waverton SJ4664 |
Temporary camp | ||
| Wilderspool SJ6168 |
Industrial site serving the army? | ||
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| COVENTRY |
Baginton SP3475 |
Pre-Flavian small fortress? or fort that was succeeded by another pre-Flavian fort (1.2 ha). This was occupied until the late 1st century. The final fort may have served as equestrian training centre. | |
| Lunt see Baginton |
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| DERBY |
Derby - Strutts Park Derventio SK3537 |
Pre-Flavian fort at Strutts Park abandoned in the mid-70s AD and succeeded by the fort below, on the other side of the river. | |
| Derby - Little Chester Derventio SK3537 |
Two forts of c 2.8 ha at Little Chester. The sequence at Little Chester is unclear, the site of a timber fort established in mid-70s AD, was re-occupied mid/late 2nd century. |
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| Littlechester see Derby - Little Chester |
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| DERBYSHIRE |
Brough-on-Noe Navio SK1882 |
Flavian fort of 1.2 ha. Rebuilt with a stone wall c158 AD and reduced to under 1 ha. Occupied until mid? 4th century. In the late 2nd century garrisoned by Cohors I Aquitanorum equitata. | |
| Castle Hill Camp see Pentrich |
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| Chesterfield SK3871 |
Fort. The site of around 2.8 ha was occupied from c80-c130AD. | ||
| Highstones SK 0499 |
Fortlet? | ||
| Melandra Castle ?Ardotalia SK0095 |
1.2 ha Flavian fort occupied until late in the 2nd century. During the 2nd century the garrison may have included Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum and Cohors I Frisiavonum. | ||
| Pentrich SK3854 |
Temporary camp | ||
| Sawley SK 4731 |
Fortlet? | ||
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| HEREFORD |
Blackbush Farm SO3832 |
Fort on the road running south-west from Kenchester | |
| Brampton Bryan SO3772 |
26.0 ha marching camp, part of a complex of sites around Leintwardine | ||
| Brandon Camp see Brandon Hill |
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| Brandon Hill SO4072 |
Fort, built inside a hillfort, part of a complex of sites around Leintwardine |
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| Buckton SO3973 |
Flavian turf and timber fort of 2.4 ha, followed by a fort built in stone. The excavator suggested the garrison was an Ala quinginaria.
The site was abandoned mid 2nd century. Forms part of a complex of sites around Leintwardine. |
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| SO3873 |
Temporary camp, 1.5 ha, a labour camp for the fort? | ||
| Castle Field Farm see Kentchurch |
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| Canon Frome see Stretton Grandison |
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| Clifford SO2446 |
Large fort succeeded? by a 6.6 ha pre-Flavian fort. Both built on the floodplain and may therefore precede the fort at the better site of Clyro, Powys. | ||
| Coppice House see Tedstone Wafer |
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| Cradley SO7147 |
Marching camp? | ||
| Ivington SO4756 |
Marching camp? | ||
| Jay Lane SO3974 |
2.0 ha fort late of ClaudianNeronian date. May have been replaced by the Flavian fort at Buckton. Part of a complex of sites around Leintwardine.
Britannia X, 1979, pp21, 23, 43-5 |
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| Kentchurch SO4223 |
Two forts, pottery recovered from both suggests pre-Flavian dates for both | ||
| Leintwardine ?Branogenium SO3974 |
Antonine period fort or stores base of 4.6 ha, occupied until the 4th century. Part of a complex of sites that includes Brampton Bryan, Brandon Hill, Buckton, Jay Lane and Walford | ||
| Stretton Grandison SO6443 |
2.1 ha pre-Flavian? fort | ||
| Tedstone Wafer SO6760 |
0.5 ha fortlet? | ||
| Walford SO3972 |
9.7 ha marching camp. Part of a complex of sites around Leintwardine. | ||
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| LEICESTER |
Leicester Ratae Corieltauvorum SK5804 |
Fort? Finds of legionary equipment? together with a short stretch of military ditch found to the west of the Jewry Wall. | |
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| LEICESTERSHIRE |
Wigston Parva Venonis SP4689 |
0.7 ha Claudian fort, pre-dates the Fosse Way that crosses the site | |
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| LINCOLNSHIRE |
Ancaster SK9843 |
Pre-Flavian fort? | |
| SK9744 |
11.3 ha marching camp | ||
| Caistor TA1101 |
Military site? | ||
| Horncastle Banovalium? TF2569 |
Fort? | ||
| Lincoln Lindum SK9771 |
A possible Pre-Flavian small fortress 1.5 km to the south of the later fortress
16.6 ha legionary fortress built by Legio IX Hispana in the early 60s AD,. They were succeeded by the Legio II Adiutrix pia fidelis in the early 70s AD. The fortress was abandoned at the end of the 1st century. |
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| Marton SK8382 |
0.8 ha pre-Flavian fort | ||
| Newton on Trent SK8273 |
Pre-Flavian fortress 10.7 ha, garrison likely to have been Legio IX Hispana.
Britannia XXIV, 1993, pp187-9 Two marching camps Welfare, H., and Swan, V., Roman Camps in England: the field archaeology, London, 1995 |
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| Owmby SK 9686 |
Military site? | ||
| Old Skegness TF5763 |
Saxon shore fort? The site, if it was a fort, was eroded by the sea in the 15th or 16th centuries | ||
| Skegness see Old Skegness |
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| NORTHAMPTONSHIRE |
Irchester SP9166 |
Fort? | |
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| NOTTINGHAMSHIRE |
Bawtry SK6592 |
Military site? | |
| Broxtowe SK5242 |
Pre-Flavian? fortress of 12.0 ha, possibly garrisoned by Legio IX Hispana.
Fort? of c4.8 ha |
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| Calverton SK6150 |
Two marching camps, 8.5 ha and 1.6 ha. | ||
| East Stoke Ad Pontem SK7650 |
Fortlet? or medieval village? | ||
| Farnsfield SK6355 |
3.9 ha marching camp | ||
| Gleadthorpe Plantation SK5970 |
3.3 ha marching camp | ||
| Holme SK8159 |
9.3 ha marching camp | ||
| Littleborough Segelocum SK8282 |
First century military site? | ||
| Osmanthorpe SK6856 |
Pre-Flavian? small fortress of 8.0 ha. The garrison may have included Legio IX Hispana. | ||
| Scaftworth See Bawtry |
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| Thorpe see East Stoke |
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| Warsop See Gleadthorpe Plantation |
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| OXFORDSHIRE |
Alchester SP5720 |
Temporary camp, fort and fortress. The suggested sequence is: camp, large fort (3.8 - 8.6 ha) finally fortress. All no later than 60s AD and more likely Claudian. A gravestone of a soldier of II Augusta has been discovered on the site. | |
| Asthall SP2810 |
Marching camp, 0.8 ha | ||
| Dorchester on Thames SU5794 |
Pre-Flavian fort? | ||
| Wendlebury See Alchester |
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| PETERBOROUGH |
Longthorpe TL1597 |
Pre-Flavian fortress, garrisoned by Legio IX Hispana and auxiliaries? Whilst in use the fortress was reduced from 10.9 ha to 4.4 ha, possibly following the losses the Legion received at the hands of Boudica. | |
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| RUTLAND |
Great Casterton TF0009 |
2.4 ha fort of Claudian age that was reduced to 2.1 ha during the early Flavian period? and abandoned c 80 AD. | |
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| SHROPSHIRE |
Atcham SJ5509 |
Marching camp | |
| Attingham SJ5509 |
8.9 ha marching camp | ||
| Bromfield SO4877 |
8.5 ha marching camp. The camp may have been an aestiva, occupied for a campaign season. | ||
| Brompton SO2493 |
Flavian fort of 1.8 ha. Occupied until the 1st quarter of the 2nd century. Possibly reoccuppied in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries.
Two or three? marching camps (15.5 ha, 5.2 ha and size unknown). |
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| Burlington SJ7710 |
Two marching camps, 15.5 ha and 2.5 ha. | ||
| Cound Hall SJ5605 |
Marching camp | ||
| Craven Arms SO4383 |
Marching camp | ||
| Duncote Farm SJ5711 |
Military site? | ||
| Eaton Constantine See Leighton |
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| Ismore Coppice See Atcham |
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| Leighton SJ5905 |
8.1 ha pre-Flavian fortress similar period to Rhyn Park with 1-3 temporary camps or a fort with annexes? | ||
| Norton SJ5609 |
13 ha marching camp | ||
| SJ5709 |
Marching camp | ||
| Pentrehyling See Brompton |
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| Quatt SO7388 |
Marching camp, 1.3 ha | ||
| Rhyn Park SJ3037 |
17.2 ha pre-Flavian fortress, winter quarters (hiberna)? And a 5.8 ha fort/camp. | ||
| Stretford Bridge SO4284 |
1.5 ha pre-Flavian fort
Marching camp, 13 ha (see also Craven Arms) |
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| Uckington see Norton |
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| Uffington SJ5212 |
Marching camp of c18 ha with annex | ||
| Upper Affcot SO4486 |
Marching camp, 6 ha? | ||
| Wall Town SO6978 |
Neronian? fort, suceeded by a Flavian fort and finally by a 2nd century fort of 1.8 ha with stone defences. | ||
| Whitchurch Mediolanum SJ5441 |
Two forts? on the site, Neronian? and Flavian? The site abandoned c 80 AD. | ||
| Whittington SJ3530 |
15.3 ha marching camp | ||
| Wroxeter Viroconium Cornoviorum SJ5607 |
2.2 ha Claudian fort, just south of the legionary fortress. Garrisoned by Cohors I Thracum equitata?
Legionary fortress, 20 ha, garrisoned by Legio XIV Gemina Martia Victrix, c 55 - 67 AD and again in AD 69 when it briefly returned to Britain. From c 75 AD to mid 80s the garrison was Legio XX Valeria Victrix and possibly retained as a depot whilst Legio XX was on campaign in Scotland (including building the fortres at Inchtuthil), and before it finally moved to its new base at Chester in 83-84 AD. |
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| SOLIHULL |
Meriden SP2282 |
Fort or temporary camp? | |
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| STAFFORDSHIRE |
Chesterton SJ8348 |
Flavian fort c 2.0 ha | |
| Eaton House Pennocrucium SJ9010 |
Flavian? fort of 2.1 ha. Early 4th century road fort?
Part of a complex of sites on the river Penk that includes Water Eaton and Stretton Mill. |
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| Greensforge SO8688 |
A Claudian fort of 1.6 ha, succeeded by another fort, Claudian?, of 2.2 ha outside the perimeter of the first. | ||
| SO8588 | Two marching camps, 3.3 ha and 13.2 ha | ||
| SO8688 | Two marching camps, one of unknown size the other 0.4 ha | ||
| SO8689 | Marching camp of unknown size
See also Swindon |
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| Kinvaston See Water Eaton and Stretton Mill |
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| Rocester SK1139 |
Three forts on the site occupied from the Flavian to the late 2nd century.
Britannia XIX, 1988, p448 |
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| Stretton Bridge see Stretton Mill |
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| Stretton Mill SJ8911 |
Pre-Flavian fort 1.8 ha, evidence for an earlier larger fort.
North Staffordshire Journal of Field Studies IV, 1964, p37 |
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| SJ8911 | Two marching camps, sizes unknown | ||
| SJ9011 | Marching camp size unknown
Part of a complex of sites on the river Penk see also Eaton House and Water Eaton Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, 1977, p128 |
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| Swindon SO8590 |
15 ha marching camp
Close to Greensforge Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, 1973, p233 |
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| Trent Vale SJ8643 |
Pre-Flavian fort?
Britannia II, 1970, pp259-60 |
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| Wall Lectocetum SK0906 |
Three forts of possibly Claudian or more likely Neronian date.
Two marching camps, 2.5 ha and size unknown Gould, J., Letocetum: an early vexillation fortress? Britannia XXVIII, 1997, pp350-353 |
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| SK0906 | Early 4th century road fort or defended civilian settlement?
Gould, J, The Watling Street 'Burgi', Britannia XXX (1999) pp 185-198 |
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| Water Eaton Pennocrucium SJ9011 |
Neronian? fortress of 7.8 ha, extended to 10.4 ha. Garrisoned by Legio XIV Gemina?
Journal of Roman Studies XLVIII, 1958, p94 |
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| SJ9011 | Marching camps, 1.5 ha and 3.3 ha on Watling Street
Part of a complex of sites on the river Penk see also Stretton Mill and Eaton House Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, 1977, p128 |
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| SJ9010 | Early 4th century road fort or defended civilian settlement?
Gould, J, Britannia XXX, 1999, pp185-197 |
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| TELFORD AND WREKIN |
Duncot SJ5711 |
Pre-Flavian fort?
Britannia VI, 1975, p247 |
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| Redhill Uxacona SJ7211 |
A mid 1st century fort or stores base that was succeeded by a Flavian fortlet of 0.7 ha.
Britannia V, 197a4, pp427-8 |
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| SJ7210 | Early 4th century road fort or defended civilian settlement?
Gould, J, The Watling Street 'Burgi', Britannia XXX (1999) pp 185-198 |
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| WARWICKSHIRE |
Alcester SP0857 |
A fort south of the town at Lower Oversley Lodge is presumed to be Claudian, whilst finds in the town centre suggest a fort there of Neronian age.
Mahany, C. (ed) Roman Alcester Series (Vol 1), CBA Research Report 96, 1994 |
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| Budbrook see Grove park |
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| Cave's Inn Tripontium SP5379 |
Early 4th century road fort or defended civilian settlement?
Frere, S. S., et al Tabula Imperii Romani: Britannia Septentrionalis, Oxford, 1986 Gould, J, The Watling Street 'Burgi', Britannia XXX (1999) pp 185-198 |
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| Grove Park SP2364 |
Fort?
Jones B and Mattingly D, An Atlas of Roman Britain, Oxford (1990) pp88-9 |
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| Lower Oversley Lodge see Alcester |
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| Mancetter Manduessedum SP3196 |
Mid 1st century, 9.0 ha fortress. Garrisoned by Legio XIV Gemina? Reduced before the Flavian period to a fort. Possibly more than one occupation period to the fort site.
Britannia XV, 1984, pp295-7 |
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| SP3296 | Early 4th century road fort or defended civilian settlement?
Gould, J, The Watling Street 'Burgi', Britannia XXX (1999) pp 185-198 |
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| WORCESTERSHIRE |
Droitwich Salinae SO9063 |
5.0 ha Pre-Flavian? fort possibly occupied into the late 1st century
Britannia IX, 1978, p439 |
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| Great Comberton SO9543 |
Marching camp?
Britannia XXIII, 1992, |
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| Inkberrow See Shurnock |
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| Shurnock SP0260 |
Marching camp
Welfare, H., and Swan, V., Roman Camps in England: the field archaeology, London, 1995 |
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