Roman Military Sites in Britain

Scotland from the those local government areas that include the Antonine Wall to the English border. Scotland north of the Antonine Wall is here.

The Gazetteer is organised in Scotland by county and unitary authority, preceded by summaries of groups of sites within frontier systems.

• Frontiers • South Ayrshire • East Ayrshire • Dumfries and Galloway • East Dunbartonshire • West Dunbartonshire • Edinburgh • Falkirk • Glasgow • Inverclyde • North Lanarkshire • South Lanarkshire • East Lothian • West Lothian • Midlothian • Renfrewshire •Scottish Borders

English names, Roman names where known, four figure map reference, site type, size, and history, including garrisons and associated military units.

Where there is uncertainty over identification of an element a ? is used after the element: a ? before a Roman name means that the form of the name is uncertain, but that it is linked to that site.

Provides access to the references given for sites. These are not comprehensive, but provide the detail required to judge the existence of a site and provide links to complete bibliographies.



		Introduction	Scotland from the those local government areas that include the Antonine Wall to the English border. Scotland north of the Antonine Wall is here. The Gazetteer is organised in Scotland by county and unitary authority, preceded by summaries of groups of sites within frontier systems. • Frontiers • South Ayrshire • East Ayrshire • Dumfries and Galloway • East Dunbartonshire • West Dunbartonshire • Edinburgh • Falkirk • Glasgow • Inverclyde • North Lanarkshire • South Lanarkshire • East Lothian • West Lothian • Midlothian • Renfrewshire •Scottish Borders English names, Roman names where known, four figure map reference, site type, size, and history, including garrisons and associated military units. Where there is uncertainty over identification of an element a ? is used after the element: a ? before a Roman name means that the form of the name is uncertain, but that it is linked to that site. Provides access to the references given for sites. These are not comprehensive, but provide the detail required to judge the existence of a site and provide links to complete bibliographies.
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FRONTIERS	Antonine Wall	Earth or turf wall on stone base running for 60 km from Old Kilpatrick on the Clyde to the Firth of Forth near Carriden. It was built circa 140 AD. The original plan was for six forts (the Primary forts - Carriden, Mumrills, Castlecary, Bar Hill or Auchendavy, Balmuildy and Old Kilpatrick) about every 12.8 km and fortlet (similar to the mile castles on Hadrian's Wall) at approximately every Roman mile. The mile fortlets were then abandoned and 13? small (Secondary) forts inserted about every 3.2 km. The Wall also has small 'expansions' the purpose of which are unknown. There are many temporary camps close to the Wall that sheltered the troops on building duties.

EAST AYRSHIRE	Loudoun Hill NS6037	Flavian fort, 1.4 ha, abandoned after the late 80s AD. The site was re-occupied in the Antonine period.

SOUTH AYRSHIRE	Girvan NX1999	Two temporary camps, 21 ha and 13 ha

EAST DUNBARTONSHIRE	Adamslee NS6473	Temporary camp, 1.4 ha
	Auchendavy NS6774	Primary Antonine Wall fort, 1.4 ha
	Balmuildy NS5871	Primary Antonine Wall fort, 1.7 ha
	Buchley NT5972	Antonine Wall mile fortlet?
	NS5872	Expansion on the Antonine Wall Temporary camp, 4.5 ha
	Cadder NS6172	Secondary Antonine Wall fort, 1.4 ha. The site has now been now destroyed.
	Castlehill NS5272	Secondary Antonine Wall fort 1.4 ha and possible mile fortlet. Garrisoned by Cohors IIII Gallorum equitata.
	Cleddans NS5072	Antonine Wall mile fortlet, 0.1 ha
	Duntocher NS4972	Secondary Antonine wall fort Antonine Wall mile fortlet, 0.3 ha
	Glasgow Bridge NS6373	Antonine Wall mile fortlet, 0.1 ha
	Kirkintilloch NS6574	Secondary Antonine Wall fort
	Summerston NS5772	Antonine Wall mile fortlet Temporary camp, 2.4 ha, a construction camp for the Antonine Wall?.
	Twechar NS6975	Temporary camp, 1.5 ha
	Wilderness Plantation NS5972	Antonine Wall mile fortlet, 0.1 ha Expansions. on the Antonine Wall - Wilderness East and West.

WEST DUNBARTONSHIRE	Old Kilpatrick NS4673	Primary Antonine Wall fort, 1.9 ha, garrisoned by Cohors I Baetasiorum civium Romanorum ob virtutem et fidem.

DUMFRIES & GALLOWAY	Amisfield Tower NX9984	Temporary camp, circa 8.0 ha
DUMFRIES & GALLOWAY	Annan NY1765	Temporary camp, 3.5 ha
	Annanfoot See Annan
	Bankfoot See Dalswinton
	Bankhead NS7412	Fortlet, Temporary camp (?)
	Barburgh Mill NX9088	Antonine fortlet, 0.1 ha
	Barnhill See Beattock
	Beattock NT0802	Fortlet? of Flavian? date. Three temporary camps c 23 ha, c 16.2 ha Flavian, with "Stracathro" gateways and c 11.6 ha, Antonine? see also South Lanarkshire
	Birrens Blatobulgium NY2175	A Flavian fortlet 0.6 ha (and fort?) that was succeeded by a 1.7 ha fort built circa 120 AD. Early in the Antonine period a stone fort of 2.1 ha was built and garrisoned, first by Cohors I Nervia (Nervana) Germanorum milliaria equitata and then by Cohors II Tungrorum milliaria equitata civium latinorum, After the withdrawal to Hadrian's Wall it remained as an outpost fort until circa 180 AD.
	NY2174	Six temporary camps
	Broomholm NY3781	1.7 ha Flavian fort. In the early 2nd century it was succeeded by a fortlet, that served as an an outpost for the Stanegate frontier? or Hadrian's Wall? Antonine fort 0.8 ha
	Broomholm Knowe See Broomholm
	Broomholmshiels See Broomholm
	Burnswark NY1878	A hillfort with a fortlet (Antonine?) occupying a small part of the site. Temporary camps and ballista platforms that are either a training site of the mid-late 2nd century for troops based at Birrens or the site of a siege of the hill fort. A recent suggestion is that the platforms are tall titulii to protect the gateways from objects rolled down the slope from the hill fort
	Carronbridge NX8697	Temporary camp 0.6 ha
	Carzield NX9681	An Antonine fort 3.0 ha
	NX9682	Temporary camp, 0.7 ha
	Craik Cross NT3004	Signal station (the site extends into Scottish Borders)
	Dalswinton NX9384	A complex site that served as the western equivalent of Newstead. There were two early Flavian forts, succeeded by an 3.5 ha fort in the early 80s AD, which in turn was succeeded by a 4.2 ha fort in the late 80s AD. Both the later forts had accommodation for cavalry, either a cohors equitata or two quingenery ala.
	NX9383	Two temporary camps 24.8 ha Flavian? and c 2.0 ha Flavian with "Stracathro" gateways
	Dinwoodie NY0989	Temporary camp of about 5.0 ha
	Dinwoodie Green see Dinwoodie
	Drumlanrig NX8598	1.5 ha fort, Flavian, The site was occupied in the Antonine period by a 1.6 ha fort. Temporary camp
	Durisdeer NS9004	Antonine fortlet of 0.2 ha
	NS8903	Two temporary camps, c 20 ha and 6.2 ha Flavian?
	Ellisland NX9284	Two temporary camps, 0.8 ha and 0.3 ha
	Ellisland Farm See Ellisland
	Fourmerkland NX9180	Two temporary camps, 5.9 ha Flavian? and 0.3 ha
	Gatehouse of Fleet NX5957	Flavian fortlet, 0.3 ha
	Gilnockie NY3879	10.2 ha temporary camp
	Glenlochar NX7364	Late Flavian fort, 3.4 ha that was held until circa 100 AD. The site was occupied by a similar sized fort during the Antonine period. Seven temporary camps, including 12.7 ha, 8.8 ha Flavian?, 6.1 ha, 0.4 ha and 0.1 ha
	Glenluce NX1956	Temporary camp, c 16 h
	Hangingshaw see Dinwoodie
	Islafoot See Drumlanrig
	Kirkburn See Durisdeer
	Kirkpatrick-Fleming NY2870	Two temporary camps, 25.5 ha and 5.6 ha
	Kirkland NX8090	Flavian? fortlet
	Ladyward NY1182	Fort, 2.0 ha
	Lantonside NY0166	Fortlet, 0.2 ha, Antonine?
	Lochmaben NY0982	Temporary camp, 25.5 ha
	Lochrutton NX8973	Fortlet
	Milton NT0901	Flavian fort of 2.8 ha. In the Antonine period the site was occupied by an Antonine fortlet of 0.2 ha. The fortlet was possibly garrisoned by a detachment of Cohors II Tungrorum from Birrens. Temporary camp, 2.2 ha
	Murder Loch NY0385	Antonine fortlet, 0.3 ha
	Raeburnfoot NY2599	Antonine fortlet
	Sanquhar NS7710	Fortlet? - Antonine?
	Shawhead NX8776	Two small temporary camps
	Shieldhill See Murder Loch
	Tassiesholm see Milton
	Torwood NY1281	Temporary camp, 20.4 ha
	Ward Law Uxelum NY0266	Temporary camp, 3.0 ha? one entrance has four titulum in a diamond pattern Possible watchtower
	Waterside Mains NX8696	Temporary camp, circa 1.2 ha
	White Type NT0511	Signal station

EDINBURGH	Cramond NT1876	Flavian fort? 2.4 ha Antonine fort, and presumably supply base for the Antonine Wall. Garrisoned by a detachment of Cohors II Tungrorum milliaria equitata civium latinorum? The site was re-occupied briefly during the Severan advance. Cohors V Gallorum erected an altar here possibly in the 3rd century.
	Gogar See Gogar Green
	Gogar Green NT1771	Two temporary camps, one c7.5 ha

FALKIRK	Arthurs O'on NS8782	A tomb or a victory monument? demolished in 1743
	Bo'ness NT0081	Temporary camp, 2.3 ha
	Bonnyside NNS8379	Two expansions on the Antonine Wall - Bonnyside East and Bonnyside West.
	Camelon Colania? NS8580	Fort (2.9 ha) occupied in the Flavian and Antonine periods. The area appears to have served as the jumping-off point for expeditions beyond the Forth-Clyde isthmus. Fifteen temporary camps, including 14.1 ha Flavian?, 10.1 ha Flavian with "Stracathro" gateways and another camp occupying the same area also Flavian with "Stracathro" gateways, plus Antonine and Severan examples (see also Wester Carmuirs).
	Carriden Velunia NT0280	Eastern terminal fort (primary) on the Antonine Wall, 1.6 ha.
	Castlecary NS7978	Agricolan fort? Primary Antonine Wall fort, 1.6 ha. Garrisoned by Cohors I Fida Vardullorum milliaria equitata civium Romanorum and Cohors I Tungrorum milliaria, but the sequence is not known.
	Craigarnhall NS7598	Temporary camp 24.5 ha
	Dalnair NS8179	Temporary camp, 1.8 ha, close to Seabegs
	Dunipace NS9482	Temporary camp
	Falkirk NS8879	Fort that may have preceded the Antonine Wall; rebuilt when the Wall arrived or demolished
	Garnhall NS7878	Two temporary camps, 4.1 ha, size of the other unknown
	NS7877	Watch tower?
	Househill See Falkirk
	Inveravon NS9579	Secondary Antonine Wall fort; built on the site of an expansion Three temporary camps, 2.8 ha, 2.1 ha and 0.2 ha
	Kinglass Park see Bo'ness
	Kinneil NS9780	Antonine Wall mile fortlet
	Lochlands see Camelon
	Milnquarter NS8279	Temporary camp, 10.9 ha
	Mumrills NS9179	Flavian fort? Primary Antonine Wall fort of 2.9 ha that was garrisoned by Ala I Tungrorum and then by Cohors II Thracum equitata
	NS9279	Temporary camp 0.2 ha
	Polmont School NS9731	Fortlet?
	Polmonthill NS9711	Two temporary camps, one 1.9 ha
	Rough Castle NS8479	Secondary Antonine Wall fort 0.6 ha that was garrisoned by Cohors VI Nerviorum
	Seabegs NS8179	Antonine Wall mile fortlet and secondary fort? See also Dalnair
	Tentfield East NS8579	Antonine Wall extension
	Tentfield West NS8479	Antonine Wall extension
	Toll Park NS7777	Fortlet? Temporary camp
	Watling Lodge NS8679	Antonine Wall mile fortlet, where the road to Ardoch and the north crosses the Wall.
	Wester Carmuirs NS8580	Temporary camp, 5.1 ha (Antonine?) between Camelon and the wall.

GLASGOW	Bearsden NS5472	Secondary Antonine Wall fort, 1.2 ha

INVERCLYDE	Lurg Moor NS2973	Antonine fortlet, 0.2 ha; part of the western coastal extension of the Antonine Wall
	Outerwards NS2366	Antonine fortlet, 0.1ha. Part of the western coastal extension of the Antonine Wall.

SOUTH LANARKSHIRE	Bankhead NS9744	Fortlet, 0.2 ha, Flavian?
	NS9845	Temporary camps 16.8 ha and 12.7 Flavian? ha
	Beattock Summit NS9915	Signal station (see also Dumfries & Galloway)
		Temporary camp, 12.7 ha
	Carnwath See Bankhead
	Carstairs Mains NS9444	Temporary camp 12.4 ha - Antonine?
	Castledykes Corda NS9244	Flavian fort, 3.2 ha, abandoned after the late 80s AD. The site was re-occupied in the Antonine period. Seven temporary camps, 24.5 ha Flavian with "Stracathro" gateways, 19.0 ha, 17 ha, 5.1 ha, 1.0 ha and two of unknown size.
	Cleghorn NS9145	Temporary camp,17.8 ha
	Cornhill NT0235	Temporary camp, 17.4 ha reduced to 14.0 ha.
	Coulter See Cornhill
	Crawford NS9520	Flavian fort, 0.8 ha, abandoned after the late 80s AD. 1.1 ha Antonine fort with two occupation periods Three temporary camps
	High Cauldcoats NS6941	Temporary camp, c 5.3 ha
	Lamington NS9730	Antonine fortlet, 0.3 ha Temporary camp, 8.2 ha Flavian?
	Little Clyde see Beattock Summit
	Redshaw Burn NT0313	Antonine fortlet, 0.3 ha
	Wandel NS9426	Antonine fortlet, 0.1 ha Temporary camp
	Whitemoss see Bishopston

NORTH LANARKSHIRE	Bar Hill NS7075	Secondary Antonine Wall fort, 1.4 ha. Garrisoned by Cohors I Hamiorum Sagitttariorum and then by Cohors I Baetasiorum civium Romanorum ob virtutem et fidem. Temporary camp, 0.6 h?
	Bothwellhaugh NS7357	Antonine fort, 1.7 ha
	Croy Hill NS7376	Secondary Antonine Wall fort. 0.8 ha Mile fortlet, 0.1 ha Temporary camp, construction camp for work on the Antonine Wall ?
	Dullatur NS7476	Two temporary camps circa 4 and 1.7 ha
	Easter Dullatur NS7476	Fortlet?
	Mollins NS7171	Flavian fortlet, 0.4 ha, abandoned late 80s AD
	Westerwood NS7677	Secondary Antonine Wall fort, 1.0 ha

EAST LOTHIAN	Fala NT4361	Temporary camp
	Fala Mill see Fala
	Inveresk Coria? NT3472	2.5 ha Antonine fort
	NT3471	Two temporary camps, 22.3 ha (Serveran?) and 8.1 ha
	Pathhead NT3963	Three temporary camps, 66.7 ha (Serveran?, 21.4 ha and 5.3 ha
	NT3863	Temporary camp, 1.5 ha, Flavian with "Stracathro" gateways
	Millburn Tower see Gogar Green
	Smeaton see Dalkeith
	Woodhead See Pathhead

WEST LOTHIAN	Castle Greg NT0559	Flavian? fortlet (0.3 ha) the site was occupied during the advance into Scotland, but not during the withdrawal to southern Scotland.
	Killandean Bridge see Livingston
	Kirkton see Livingston
	Linlithgow NT0077	Military presence?
	Livingston NT0366	Fortlet?

MIDLOTHIAN	Elginhaugh NT3267	Flavian fort 1.4 ha that was abandoned as a fort circa 86 AD, but used by the army as a collecting point for cattle after this? Temporary camp, 0.6 ha
	Eskbank NT3266	Two large temporary camps, one Serveran?
	Carlops NT1757	Temporary camp, 16.9 ha
	Dalkeith NT3469	Temporary camp
	Smeaton see Dalkeith

RENFREWSHIRE	Barochan Coria? NS4169	Flavian fort, 1.4 ha, with two occupation periods.
	Barochan Hill see Barochan
	Bishopton NS4172	Antonine fort, 1.8 ha, located on the Clyde west of the Antonine Wall.

SCOTTISH BORDERS	Ale Water see Milrighall
SCOTTISH BORDERS	Blainslie NT5544	Temporary camp, 19.0 ha, Antonine?
	Brownhart Law NT7909	Signal station, one of a group of sites at Chew Green, Northumberland, The tower may have provided a link to Newstead via others at Rubers Law and Eildon North Hill.
	Cappuck NT6921	Flavian fortlet, 0.6 ha, with two occupation periods that was held until the withdrawal to the Stanegate frontier. It was re-occupied during the Antonine period (0.7 ha) and retained as an outpost fort for Hadrian's Wall until circa 180 AD. In the late 2nd century it may have been garrisoned by the Vexillatio Raetorum Gaesatorum.
	NT6920	One temporary camp. See also Ulston Moor for other camps close by
	Castlecraig NT1244	Two temporary camps, 17 + ha (Severan?) and at least 3.5 ha.
	Cavers Mains NT5416	Temporary camp, 15.0 ha
	Channelkirk NT4754	Two temporary camps, one of 66.5 ha Severan?
	Craik Cross NT3004	Signal station (the site extends into Dumfries and Galloway)
	Denholm NT5417	Temporary camp, 11.2 ha Flavian?
	Eastcote see Denholm
	Easter Happrew ?Carbantoritum NT1940	A Flavian fort of 1.7 ha acres abandoned in the late 80s AD. See also Lyne.
	Easter Langlee NT5236	Shrine?
	Eildon Hill North NT5532	Antonine signal station that may have been part of a communication system for Newstead (see also Rubers Law and Brownhart Law).
	Eshiels NT2839	Two temporary camps, 11.2 and 6.6 ha, both Flavian?
	Innerleithen NT3336	Temporary camp, at least 15 ha
	Kaimhouse NT1649	Temporary camp of 14.0 ha plus
	Kaimhouse Lodge see Kaimhouse
	Kedslie NT5540	Temporary camp, 7.3 ha
	Lyne ?Carbantoritum NT1840	An Antonine period fort of 2.7 ha, possibly garrisoned by a milliary auxiliary regiment. The fort was succeeded by Antonine fortlet, 0.1 ha. The site may have performed the same strategic role in the Antonine period as the Flavian fort at Easter Happrew south of Lyne Water
	NT2040	Two temporary camps, 19.0 ha Antonine? and 10.9 ha Flavian?
	Maxton NT6130	Temporary camp
	Mertoun Bridge See St Boswells
	Milrighall NT5326	Temporary camp, 10.9 ha
	Newstead Trimontium NT5734	A Flavian fort of 4.3 ha that was enlarged to 5.8 ha in the late 80s AD to act as the anchor for the eastern side of the new frontier zone. The Flavian garrison may have been Ala Petriana and a vexillation from Legio VIIII Hispana. The site was re-occupied during the Antonine period by a 6.0 ha turf and timber fort, capable of accomodating 1,500 men. This was replaced by a stone fort of c4.0 ha, which appears to have had a supply/industrial role. Towards the end of the Antonine period the fort was extended again in stone to an area of again c6.0 ha and became a more front line military site, this site declined in use and was abandoned c180 AD. The Antonine garrison may have been Ala Augusta Vocontiorum CR with a vexillation of Legio XX Valeria Victrix. Five temporary camps, one of 66.5 ha the mustering point for Severus' invasion of Scotland? and others of 19.8 ha and 16.7 ha. See also Brownhart Law, Rubers Law and Eildon North Hill.
	North Slipperford NT1352	Temporary camp, at least 11.0 ha
	Oakwood NT4225	A Flavian fort of 1.9 ha that was abandoned in the retreat to the Stanegate frontier circa 100 AD. Temporary camp, 16.1 ha, very close to the fort, suggested as a labour camp whilst the fort was built.
	Oxton NT4954	Fortlet of 0.2 ha, Flavian or Antonine
	Pennymuir NT7513	A complex of four temporary camps. The sizes of three are 17.0 ha Antonine?, 3.7 ha and 6.1 ha. The sites may be related to the practice works at Woden Law.
	Rubers Law NT5815