FRONTIERS
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Gask Ridge
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The Gask Ridge frontier is a group of towers, forts and fortlets that run along a Roman road from south of Ardoch to Bertha. It is possible that the series extends further south to Doune or even to the Clyde-Forth isthmus.
The traditional view gave its abandoment at circa 87AD, but there is now evidence for a longer occupation. The traditional dating is from either before the building of Inchtuthill fortress or just after that fortresse's abandonment. The Gask is the oldest known land frontier system anywhere in the Empire. See Perth and Kinross for site entries
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ABERDEENSHIRE
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Balmakewan
NO6666
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Marching camp, circa 50.0 ha |
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Burnfield
NJ5447
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Marching camp |
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Dun
NO6859
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Marching camp, 3.3 ha. As it is on a coastal site it may be associated with Agricola's sixth campaign, where fleet and army acted together. |
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Durno
NJ6927
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Marching camp, circa 58.0 ha - Flavian date? One of the suggested sites for Agricola's camp before the battle of Mons Graupius. |
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Glenmailen
NJ6538
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Marching camp, 44.9 ha, possibly Serveran |
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NJ6635 |
Marching camp, 14.1 ha, Flavian with "Stracathro" gateways |
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Kair House
NO7676
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Marching camp, 52.6 ha possibly Serveran |
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Kintore
Devona?
NJ7816
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Marching camp, 44.5 ha |
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Logie Durno
See Durno |
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Normandykes
NO8399
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Marching camp, 42.9 ha possibly Serveran |
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Raedykes
NO8490
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Marching camp 37.6 ha, Flavian. One of the suggested sites for Agricola's camp before the battle of Mons Graupius. |
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Ythan Wells
See Glenmailen |
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ANGUS
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Cardean
Tameia
NO2846
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3.2 ha Flavian fort, abandoned in the mid 80s AD. |
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Eassie
NO3546
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Marching camp, 25.5 ha |
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Finavon
NO4957
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Marching camp, 15.0 ha |
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Gagie
NO4438
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Small marching camp |
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Inverquharity
NO4058
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0.5 ha Flavian fortlet, abandoned around 87 AD.
Marching camp, 2.3 ha
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Keithock
NO6163
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Marching camp, 26.6 ha |
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Kirkbuddo
NO4944
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Marching camp, 24.3 ha |
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Longforgan
NO2930
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Marching camp, 25.9 ha |
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Lunanhead
NO4752
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Marching camp, 25.5 ha |
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Marcus
NO5158
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Marching camp, 26.2 ha |
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Oathlaw
NO4555
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Marching camp, 52.6 ha possibly Serveran |
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Stracathro
NO6165
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Flavian fort, 2.6 ha that was abandoned around 87 AD
Flavian marching camp, 15.7 ha, the type site for "Stracathro" gateways
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DUNDEE CITY
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Invergowrie
NO3430
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Marching camp |
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FIFE
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Auchtermuchty
NO2411
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Marching camp, 24.2 ha Serveran? |
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Bonnytown
NO5412
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Marching camp, 14.2 ha
Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, p229 (1973)
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Carpow
NO2017
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Flavian enclosure of 45 ha, perhaps associated with joint navy/army operations under Agricola.
Severan enclosure of 28 ha, bridgehead for operations over the Tay (see St Madoes)
9.7 ha Severan fortress and held for a brief time in the early 3rd century and garrisoned by vexillations of Legio II Augusta and Legio VI Victrix Britannica pia fidelis.
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Edenwood
NO3511
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Marching camp 25 ha Severan? |
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HIGHLAND
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Cawdor
NH8048
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Fort? |
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Easter Galacantray
see Cawdor |
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MORAY
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Auchinhove
NJ4651 |
Marching camp, over 12.0 ha, Flavian with "Stracathro" gateways
Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, p226-8 (1973)
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Balnageith
NJ0257 |
Fort? c 4.0 ha
Britannia XXII, p226 (1991)
Jones B, Keiller I and Maude K . The Moray Aerial Survey - Discovering the Prehistoric and proto-Historic Landscape, Sellar W D H (ed), Moray: Province and People. Scottish Society of Northern Studies, Edinburgh (1993)
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Bellie
NJ3561 |
Marching camp, 3.3 ha
Britannia XVII, p370 (1986)
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Muiryfold
NJ4852 |
Marching camp, 44.1 ha (Serveran?)
Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p143 (1977)
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PERTH AND KINROSS
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Abernethy
NO1716 |
Marching camp, 45.9 ha, Flavian?
Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p140 (1977)
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Ardoch
Alauna
NN8309
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A two period? Flavian fort of 1.7 ha and later 3.2 ha. After the abandonment of Inchtuthill in the mid 80s AD it formed part of the Gask Ridge frontier until that was abandoned in the late 80s AD. At some stage during the Flavian period the garrison was Cohors I Hispanorum equitata.
In the Antonine period the fort was an outpost for the Wall, 3.2 ha, but later reduced to 2.3 ha.
Seven marching camps, including ones of 52.6 ha Severan?, 25.5 ha, 13.3 ha, 11.9 ha Flavian? and 5.5 ha Flavian?
Keppie, Scotland's Roman Remains 1986 p182
Britannia XXV (1994) p 255
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Ardunie
NN9418
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Gask Ridge system watch tower
Crawford Topography of Roman Scotland, Cambridge (1949)
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Bankhead
NO0419 |
Temporary camp?
St Joseph, J K, 'Air reconnaissance in Britain, 1955-7' Journal of Roman Studies 48 (1958) p90
St Joseph, J K (1965 a)
'Air reconnaissance in Britain, 1961-4' Journal of Roman Studies 55 (1965) p82
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Bertha
NO0926 |
Flavian fort abandoned after Inchtuthil in the late 80s AD. The site was reoccupied in the Antonine period and was the most northerly outpost fort for the Antonine Wall.
Adamson & Gallagher, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 116, pp195-204 (1986)
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Blackhill Wood
NN8410 |
Gask Ridge system signal station
St Joseph Journal of Roman Studies 67 pp125-61 (1977)
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Blackhill
NO1739 |
Signal station associated with the fortress at Inchtuthill.
Richmond, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 74, pp37-40 (1939-40)
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NO2946 |
Marching camp, 52.4 ha - Severan?
Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, pp140-43 (1977)
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Cargill
NO1637 |
Flavian fort. c 2.0 ha, abandoned by the mid 80s AD.
Britannia XIII, pp335-6 (1982)
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Cargill Mains
NO1637 |
Flavian fortlet 0.7 ha
Journal of Roman Studies LXVIII, p91 (1958)
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Craigens
See Roundlaw |
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Cuiltburn
NN8917 |
Roman site?
Britannia XXVII (1996) p396 and
The Roman Gask Project
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Dalginross
Bannatia
NN7721
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Flavian "Highland Line" fort, 2.4 ha, abandoned in the mid 80s AD.
Marching camp, 9.5 ha, Flavian with "Stracathro" gateways.
Frere & St Joseph, Roman Britain from the air, p129-31 (1983)
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Dornock
NN8719 |
Marching camp, 9.3 ha
Journal of Roman Studies 63, p229 (1973) and
The Roman Gask Project
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Dunning
NO0215 |
Marching camp, 47.3 ha, Flavian?
Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, p218-9 (1973)
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East Mid Lamberkin
NO0722 |
Temporary camp (possibly a training site), 0.4 ha, Flavian?
The Roman Gask Project
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Fendoch
NN9128
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Flavian "Highland Line" fort, 1.8 ha, The site was abandoned in the mid 80s AD.
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 73, pp1110-54 (1938-9)
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Forteviot
NO0317 |
Marching camp, 25.1 ha
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 84, p217 (1952)
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Gask House
NN9919 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Marching camp, 2.0 ha
Robertson Trans Perthshire Society of Natural Sciences (1974) pp14-29
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Glenbank
NN8105 |
Flavian fortlet, 0.1 ha
Britannia XV, p273 (1984)
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Gourdie
NO1042
NO1142
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Temporary camp
Quarry for Inchtuthil fortress
Marching camp, 1.5 ha
Pitts and St Joseph Inchtuthil. The Roman legionary fortress excavations, 1952-1965 Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies (1985)
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Grassy Walls
NO1028 |
Marching camp (Severan), 52.2 ha, at the crossing of the Tay.
Journal of Roman Studies XLVIII, p91 (1958)
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Greenloaning
NN8307 |
Watch tower; on the road between Ardoch and Glenbank
Britannia XXVII (1996) p396
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Huntingtower
NO0724 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Frere Britannia XVII (1986) pp364-427
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Inchtuthil
Victoria?
NO1239
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Flavian legionary fortress, 21.7 ha. Construction started circa 83 AD and was abandoned circa 87 AD. Garrisoned by Legio XX Valeria Victrix. See Hassall for alternative suggestion that the garrison was II Adiutrix.
Two construction camps and a stores compound for the fortress.
Pitts and St Joseph Inchtuthil. The Roman legionary fortress excavations, 1952-1965 Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies (1985)
Hassall, M., Pre-Hadrianic legionary dispositions in Roman Fortresses and their legions, ed Brewer, London & Cardiff 2000
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Innerpeffray
NN9118 |
Two marching camps, 55 ha ( Severan?) and 25.5 ha.
Journal of Roman Studies LIX, p116 (1969)
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Kaims Castle
NN8612 |
Flavian fortlet, 0.1 ha, part of the Gask Ridge system.
The Roman Gask Project
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Kinnell
NO6150 |
Marching camp, 25.4 ha
Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p140 (1977)
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Kirkhill
NN9618 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Christison Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland XXV (1901) pp15-43
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Lintrose
NO2237 |
Marching camp, 22.3 ha
Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, p230 (1973)
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Midgate
see Thorny Hill |
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Moss Side
NO0019 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Christison Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland XXV (1901) pp15-43
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Muir O'Fauld
NN9818 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Christison Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland XXV (1901) pp15-43
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North Blackruthven
See Huntingtower |
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Oathlaw
NO4555 |
Marching camp, 52.6 ha (Severan?).
Journal of Roman Studies LXVII, p143 (1977)
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Parkneuk
NN9118 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Robertson Trans Perthshire Society of Natural Sciences (1974) pp14-29
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Peel
NO0623 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower?
Hanson and Friell Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXV (1995) pp499-519
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Raith
NN9318 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Christison Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland XXV (1901) pp15-43
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Roundlaw
NN9518 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Hanson and Friell Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXV (1995) pp499-519
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Scone Park
NO1027 |
Marching camp, 25.5 ha
Journal of Roman Studies LXIII, p230 (1973)
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Shielhill North
NN8512 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
St Joseph Journal of Roman Studies (1973) pp214-46
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Shielhill South
NN8511 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
St Joseph Journal of Roman Studies (1977) pp125-61
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Sma' Glen
NN9028
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Watch tower (?) for Fendoch fort, Flavian
Keppie, Scotland's Roman Remains, p157 (1986)
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St Madoes
NO2019 |
Serveran? marching camp, opposite Carpow
Frere and St Joseph, Roman Britain from the air
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Steedstalls
See Gourdie |
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Stracathro
NO6165 |
Flavian fort, 2.6 ha that was abandoned around 87 AD
Britannia I, p273 (1970)
Flavian marching camp, 15.7 ha. The type site for "Stracathro" gateways.
Britannia I, pp171-5 (1970)
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Strageath
NN8918
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1.8 ha Flavian fort on the road to Inchtuthil and part of the Gask Ridge system and abandoned late 80s AD.
Outpost fort (1.8 ha) for the Antonine Wall.
Frere & Wilkes, Strageath: excavations within the Roman fort 1973-86 London (1989)
Marching camp 13.5 ha
Scottish Archaeological Forum XII, p41 Edinburgh (1981)
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Thorny Hill
NO0220 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Wooliscroft "Signalling and design of the Gask Ridge frontier" Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXIII (1994)
Fortlet, Flavian?
Hanson and Friell Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXV (1995) pp 499-519
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Upper Quoigs
NN8206 |
Not an archaeological site
Britannia XXVIII (1997) p 406
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West Mains
See Huntingtower |
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Westerton
NN8714 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Hanson and Friell Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXV (1995) pp499-519
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Westmuir
NO0220 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Hanson and Friell Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland CXXV (1995) pp499-519
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Witch Knowe
NN9919 |
Gask Ridge system watch tower
Christison Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland XXV (1901) pp15-43
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Woodlea
See Greenloaning |
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STIRLING
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Callander
See Bochastle |
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Bochastle
?Bannatia
NN6107
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Flavian "Highland Line" fort, 1.9 ha
Britannia III, p13-14 (1972)
Two marching camps, one 19.5 ha Flavian, with "Stracathro" entrance
Britannia XVIII, p29 (1987)
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Doune
NN7201 |
A Flavian fort of 2.6 ha that was abandoned in the late 80s AD. The fort guarded the point where the Roman road from Camelon to Ardoch crossed the river Teith.
Maxwell, Britannia XV (1984) pp217-223
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Drumquhassle
Lindum
NS4887 |
Flavian "Highland Line" fort, 1.2 ha. It was abandoned in the mid 80s AD.
Maxwell, Britannia XIV (1983) pp167-181
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Dunblane
NN7700 |
Two marching camps, 13.2 ha and 5.8 ha Flavian?
Robertson, Glasgow Archaeological Journal (1969) pp35f
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Hillside
See Dunblane |
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Lake of Menteith
see Malling |
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Malling
?Lindum
NS5600 |
Flavian "Highland Line" fort of 2.7 ha that was abandoned in the mid 80s AD.
Journal of Roman Studies LIX, p109-10 (1969)
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NS5699 |
Two marching camps, 10.4 ha Flavian with "Stracathro" gateways and 5.3 ha Flavian?
Britannia XV, p275 (1984)
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