Roman Military Sites in Britain

The Gazetteer is organised by Counties and unitary authorities

• Carmarthenshire • Cardiff • Caerphilly • Ceredigion • Conway • Denbighshire • Flintshire • Gwynedd • Isle of Anglesey • Monmouthshire • Neath, Port Talbot • Newport • Powys • Rhonda, Cynon, Taff • Swansea • Vale of Glamorgan • Wrexham •

English names, Roman names where known, four figure map reference, site type, size, and history, including garrisons and associated military units.

Where there is uncertainty over identification of an element a ? is used after the element: a ? before a Roman name means that the form of the name is uncertain, but that it is linked to that site.

Provides access to the references given for sites. These are not comprehensive, but provide the detail required to judge the existence of a site and provide links to complete bibliographies.



		Introduction	The Gazetteer is organised by Counties and unitary authorities • Carmarthenshire • Cardiff • Caerphilly • Ceredigion • Conway • Denbighshire • Flintshire • Gwynedd • Isle of Anglesey • Monmouthshire • Neath, Port Talbot • Newport • Powys • Rhonda, Cynon, Taff • Swansea • Vale of Glamorgan • Wrexham • English names, Roman names where known, four figure map reference, site type, size, and history, including garrisons and associated military units. Where there is uncertainty over identification of an element a ? is used after the element: a ? before a Roman name means that the form of the name is uncertain, but that it is linked to that site. Provides access to the references given for sites. These are not comprehensive, but provide the detail required to judge the existence of a site and provide links to complete bibliographies.
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FRONTIERS AND INDUSTRIES	Gold mining	There is evidence of military involvement in the gold mining in mid-Wales. See Pumsaint.

CARMARTHENSHIRE	Arosfa Gareg SN8026	Temporary camp, 18.0 ha
	Blaenos SN7534	Fortlet or practice camp
	Careg y Bwci SN6447	Signal tower?
	Carmarthen Moridunum SN4120	Two forts on the site. The site was occupied from the Flavian period till early in the second century.
	Dolaucothi See Pumsaint
	Llandeilo SN6122	Two forts, the older of 4 ha, the later one is smaller
	Llandovery Alabum? SN7635	2.4 ha fort founded in the pre-Flavian period? but definitely occupied late 1st century and abandoned c 160 AD.
	Llanycrwys SN6447	Possible camp or fortlet
	Pant-teg-Uchaf SN6449	Training site with two practice camps or fortlets
	Pumpsaint see Pumsaint
	Pumsaint Luentinum? SN6540	A Flavian fort (1.9 ha) that was succeeeded around 120 AD by a a stone fort (0.9 ha). This was abandoned in the mid-second century. The fort is close to the gold mining area of Dolaucothi.

CARDIFF	Cardiff Tamius? ST1876	Two pre-Flavian forts the latter occupied until the end of the first century. In the late third century a stone fort of typical late design was built, this was abandoned at the end of the fourth. The visible remains are a Victorian reconstruction of the later fort.

CAERPHILLY	Caerphilly ST1688	Founded in the Flavian, the fort (1.2 ha) was abandoned early in the second century.
	Gelligaer ST1397	A Flavian foundation the fort was abandoned c 120 AD. A smaller stone fort was built on the site, but it was in turn abandoned in the middle of the second century.
	ST1398	Practice camps
	ST1198	Practice camps

CEREDIGION	Erglodd SN6590	Founded in the Flavian, the fortlet (0.2 ha) was abandoned early in the 2nd century.
	Llanio Bremia SN6456	A Flavian fort of 1.8 ha, abandoned early in the 2nd century. The garrison during the 2nd century was Cohors II Asturum equitata.
	Pen-llwyn SN6580	2.9 ha fort, Flavian? occupied until early in the 2nd century.
	Trawscoed SN6772	2.4 ha fort, Flavian, occupied until early in the 2nd century.

CONWAY	Caerhun Canovium SH7770	A fort (2.0 ha) founded in the Flavian fort that was abandoned during the middle of the second century. The site was re-used during the fourth century, but abandoned again by the beginning of the fifth century.
	Caer Llugwy see Bryn-y-Gefeiliau
	Cerrigydrudion SH9548	Fort?
	Bryn-y-Gefeiliau SH7457	Fort (1.6 ha) founded in the late Flavian abandoned early in ther second century.

DENBIGHSHIRE	Prestatyn SJ0681	Two forts?
	Ruthin SJ1058	Fort?
	SJ1358	Military sit?
	St Asaph Varis? SJ0474	Fort?

FLINTSHIRE	Ffridd SJ2854	Fort
FLINTSHIRE	Frith see Ffridd

GWYNEDD	Braich-Ddu see Llwyn-Crwn
	Brithdir SH7718	Fortlet founded in the Flavian (0.3 ha) abandoned early in the second century. There is evidence of lead smelting and tanning being carried out by the garrison of the fort.
	Caer Gai SH8731	Flavian foundation, the fort (1.7 ha) was abandoned early in the second century. Cohors I Nerviorum is recorded at the fort. The fort may have succeeded the pre-Flavian fort at Llanfor.
	Caernarfon Segontium SH4862 See also Hen Waliau	A Flavian foundation, the fort (2.3 ha) continued in occupation until the end of the 4th century. Garrisoned by Cohors I Sunucorum in the early 3rd century(?) and by the Seguntienses (late 4th century) .
	Derwydd-Bach SH4745	Marching camp
	Dolbelydr see Trawsfynydd
	Dolddinas SH7337	Training site, with five small practice camps
	Hen Waliau SH4862	Fortlet?
	Llanfor SH9336	Fort (3.6 ha) abandoned by 80 AD, possibly replaced by Caer Gai. Supply depot, 1.2 ha with a watch tower(?) in its north west corner. Two overlapping temporary camps, one of 11 ha, the other about 3 ha.
	Llety Canol SH7818	Signal tower
	Llwyn-Crwn SH7138	Two practice camps, 0.8 ha and 0.1 ha
	Llyn Hiraethlyn SH7436	Four practice camps
	Maentwrog SH7039	Temporary camp, probably a practice camp
	Mur-llwyd See Maentwrog
	Pen Llystyn SH4844	A 1.8 ha Flavian fort that was succeeded by a Flavian fortlet.
	Pennal SH7000	A fort founded in the Flavian (1.7 ha), abandoned early in the second century.
	Pen-y-Gwryd SH6555	Temporary camp (4.0 ha)
	Rhyd Sarn SH8627	Two practice camps (0.2 ha and 0.4 ha)
	Tomen-y-Mur SH7038	Flavian foundation the turf and timber fort (1.7 ha) was succeeded by a stone fort (1.3 ha) built early the second century and abandoned circa 120. The site has an ampitheatre and possible parade ground.
	SH7138	Training site with two very small practice camps. See also Trawsfynydd
	Trawsfynydd SH7237	Training camps that are likely to have been built by the garrison from Tomen-y-Mur.

ISLE OF ANGLESEY	Aberffraw SH3569	A first century(?) fort, with two occupation phases.
	Caer Gybi SH2482	Fortlet on the coast at Holyhead harbour, 0.3 ha, possibly fourth century. Similar to the fourth century beach head forts on the Rhine.
	Caer y Twr See Holyhead Mountain
	Holyhead Mountain SH2182	Fourth century watch tower

MONMOUTHSHIRE	Abergavenny Gobannium SO2914	A Neronian fort(?) that was succeeded by a Flavian fort abandoned early in the second century.
	Monmouth Blestium SO5012	A Flavian fort?
	Trostrey SO3604	Two forts (?)
	Usk Burrium SO3700	Neronian legionary fortress (20 ha ). There is evidence for Legio XX Valeria Victrix as the garrison, but a tile stamped Legio II Augusta has been found on the site. The fortress was succeeded by a fort or works depot of Flavian date that was occupied until early in the second century. The garrison of the fortress may have included cavalry from an ala or cohors equitata.
	Wonastow SO4811	Fort

NEATH, PORT TALBOT	Blaen-cwm-Bach SS7998	Temporary camp (24.4 ha)
	Coelbren SN8610	Temporary camp
	Coelbren Gaer SN8510	Fort founded in the Flavian and abandoned early in the second century.
	Carn Caca SN8300	Temporary camp
	Hirfynydd SN8104	Watch tower?
	Melyn Court See Carn Caca
	Neath Nidum SS7497	A Flavian foundation the fort was abandoned early in the second century. The site was re-used as a fort(?) during the late third century
	Rheola Forest See Hirfynydd

NEWPORT	Bulmore ST3791	Fortlet
NEWPORT	Cat's Ash see Bulmore
	Coed y Caerau see Bulmore
	Caerleon Isca ST3390	Flavian legionary fortress (20 ha). It was rebuilt in stone starting c 100 AD. The fortress was occupied from its foundation until the late third century by Legio II Augusta, although it was not often not at full strength given the legion's building work on the two northern walls and its commitments at Corbridge.

POWYS	Abertanat SJ2420	A pre-Flavian foundation (?) The fort is part of a complex of sites that also includes Clawdd Coch and Llansantffraid
	Allt yr Hafod-Fawr SN8131	Two practice camps, close to Y Pigwn
	Clawdd Coch SJ2519	Temporary camp Part of a complex of sites that also includes Abertanant and Llansantffraid
	SJ2420	Temporary camp Part of a complex of sites that also includes Abertanant and Llansantffraid
	Buelah See Caerau
	Brecon Gaer See Y Gaer
	Cae Gaer SN8281	Fort founded in the Flavian (1.1 ha)
	Caerau SN9250	Flavian foundation fort (1.7 ha), abandoned early in the second century.
	SN9150	Temporary camp (14.8 ha)
	SN9249	Temporary camp (0.1 ha) a training site?
	Caersws SO0492	Pre-Flavian fort
	SO0292	Flavian fort of 3.1 ha. The site remained occupied until the early 4th century. Tiles stamped by Cohors I Celtiberorum equitata found on the site, this unit is recorded in Britain in the first half of the 2nd century, and a shard of samian with a possible scratched name refering to a cohort of Asturians.
	Castell Collen SO0562	Flavian fort (2.0 ha) that was followed by a smaller fort (1.4 ha). The site was occupied until the early third century.
	Clyro SO2243	Pre-Flavian fortress (10.4 ha), with evidence of two occupation periods, it may have succeeded the site at Clifford Marching camp
	Colwyn See Colwyn Castle
	Colwyn Castle SO1054	Fort of Flavian or pre-Flavian foundation.
	Dolau SO0166	Pre-Flavian fort (1.7 ha)?
	Esgairperfedd SN9269	Temporary camp (6.8 ha)
	Forden Gaer Levobrinta? SO2098	A fort (3.3 ha) founded during the Flavian. The site was occupied until the late fourth century. although it was re-constructed on several occasions, it never received stone defences.
	Glanmiheli SO1590	Temporary camp (4.5 ha)
	Harpton SO2360	Signal tower (?)
	Hindwell Farm SO2560	Pre-Flavian fort (2.3 ha) abandoned in the late first century. Four temporary camps (17.7 ha, 2.4 ha, 3.1 ha and 2.1 ha)
	Llandrindod Common SO0560 SO0559	Training site with 18 practice camps
	Llanfair Caereinion SJ1004	Fortlet
	Llansantffraid SJ2220	Pre-Flavian supply base with polygonal ground plan. It has been suggested that it dates from Didius Gallus's campaign against Caratacus. Part of a complex of sites that also includes Abertanant and Clawdd Coch
	Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain See Llansantffraid
	Llwyn-y-Brain SO0492	Pre-Flavian fort (4.1 ha) may have preceded the pre-Flavian fort at Caersws.
	Nantmel See Dolau
	Pen y Crogbren SN8593	Hadrianic fortlet (0.1 ha)
	Pen-Min-Cae SO0053	Fortlet founded in the Flavian (0.1 ha) abandoned late 1st century.
	Pen-y-Gaer SO1621	Flavian fort the site was abandoned early in the second century.
	Trefal see Dolaul
	St Harmon SN9871	Temporary camp (7.7 ha)
	Walton see Hindwell Farm
	Y Gaer Cicucium SO0029	Fort founded in the Flavian. Its defences were rebuilt in stone in the mid second century. It was occupied until the late 4th century. During the late first century it was garrisoned by Ala Hispanorum Vettonum CR
	Y Pigwn SN8231	Two slightly overlapping pre-Flavian(?) temporary camps
		Fortlet
	Ystradfellte SN9216	Temporary camp

RHONDA, CYNON, TAFF	Caergwanaf ST 0480	1.6 ha fort, Flavian?
	Pen-y-Coedcae ST0687	Temporary camp
	Pen-y-Darren SO0506	A Flavian foundation, the fort was abandoned early in the second century.
	Pont-y-Clun see Caergwanaf
	Twyn-y-Briddallt ST0098	Temporary camp

SWANSEA	Pen-y-Waun SS6097	Two practice camps
	Stafford Common SS5997	Training site
	Loughor Leucarum SS5697	Founded in the Flavian, the fort was abandoned in the middle of the second century. The site was re-used as a fort(?) from the late third until the early fourth century Early second century fortlet

VALE OF GLAMORGAN	Cowbridge Bovium? SS9974	Flavian (?) fort

WREXHAM	Holt Bovium? SJ4054	A pottery covering 8 ha operated by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix from their Chester fortress from the end of the first century until the mid third.
	Pen Plaenau SJ1136	Temporary camp (18 ha)